Pretesting Feedback Essay Example for Free

Pretesting Feedback Essay In the article by Jean-Baptiste Jean-Pierre on HIV/AIDS, the importance of carrying out pretesting method is apparent. Jean-Pierre opens the article by providing a clear and easy to understand definition of pretesting in which it is classified as a type of formative research entailing systematic collection of reactions to materials and information from target audience prior to their actual presentation. The article also outlines the goal of pretesting and its significance particularly when the target audience is characterized by individuals of different cultures and level of education. The author then shifts focus to the purpose of his article which entails use of pretesting in public service announcement (PSA) in Brooklyn, New York on matters concerning use of condoms as a tool for preventing the spread of HIV among African American women of between 20 to 49 years old. The probing question is whether media stations will allocate enough time to the PSA. Media stations normally shy away from airing controversial issues since they might destroy their reputation and in turn, their business might collapse (Hampton, Rabinowitz, Nagy, 2010). However, selection of HIV/ AIDS and condom use for the PSA comes in handy in ensuring stations run them. Controversial issues such as gay marriage wield enormous difficulties in convincing media stations to run the PSA. As a result of HIV prevention through use of condoms not being contentious, the PSA is made more effective hence having a high chance of reaching the target audience. On reaching the target audience, the message is more likely to encourage them and enhance their awareness on the issue at hand. In addition to having experts from radio or television to check and evaluate the message, it is imperative to consult religious leaders, activists and health practitioners on the same (Hampton, Rabinowitz, Nagy, 2010). The message might meet the requirements of media but lack the intensity necessary to kindle the most appropriate reaction from the target audience. In his article, Jean-Pierre includes experts from media and communication field but excludes those from the health sector thereby making the announcement vulnerable to incompetency. Involving individuals from the health fraternity is crucial to ensuring greater effectiveness of the PSA. Jean-Pierre intends to utilize short questionnaire which normally consume little time since they comprise of brief questions regarding the perception of the information to be conveyed, its ease of understanding and the modifications required. Such questions ensure that the PSA reaches the target audience and provokes the expected positive reaction (Siegel Lotenberg, 2007). Moreover, employing market research techniques might prove effective in evaluating the program. Besides the technique having flaws, it provides a quicker and cost effective method for gathering data on the program (Poscente, Rothstein, Irvine, 2002), thereby enhancing its ability to fine-tune mass media channels and the assembling of health promotion information. Such techniques could improve the pretesting method by enhance the effectiveness of the message conveyed to the target audience through PSA. References Hampton, C. , Rabinowitz, P. Nagy, K. (2010). Preparing public service announcements. The Community Tool Box. Retrieved May 20, 2010 from http://ctb. ku. edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1065. htm Poscente, N. , Rothstein, M. Irvine, M. J. (2002). Using marketing research methods to evaluate a stage-specific intervention. American Journal of Health Behavior 26(4): 243-251. Retrieved May 20, 2010 from EBSCO database. Siegel, M. Lotenberg, D. L. (2007). Marketing public health: Strategies to promote social change. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Power Semiconductor Devices Essay -- Power Conversion Essays

Power Semiconductor Devices Introduction Today there are many power semiconductor devices used in different applications of power conversion. The diode is one of the oldest semiconductors devices and is still wildly used today in power electronics. Diodes are found in virtually all power converts in one form or another. For this reason our discussion will be focused on the application of power diodes. Power Diodes are two terminal electronic devices that permit current flow in predominantly one direction. Diodes are composed of differently doped silicon or germanium bounded together at a junction. Purpose As an Electrical Engineering specializing in Power Electronics it is important to understanding the application of different types of diodes in power electronics. The technology behind the development of pn junctions and solid state devices is continuously advancing. This is why it is important to be informed of the most modern advances of one of the world’s oldest power semiconductor devices. This paper will focus on the construction and ratings of various types of power diodes to convey the importance diodes have power electronics. Power Diodes: Power diodes are successors to the very first semiconductor devices. Power diodes are mainly used as uncontrolled rectifiers to convert single-phase or three- phase AC voltage to a rippled DC voltage. Typically they are constructed of a mixture of differently doped silicon or germanium. Most common are the silicon diodes because they can operate at higher currents and junction temperatures then germanium diodes. All diodes are devices that conduct current in only one direction. Whenever the voltage on the anode is positive with respect to the cathode, the dio... ...e a diode that will satisfy the requirements of the circuit while increasing overall circuit efficiency and maintaining reliability. Through improved modern design techniques diodes are no longer a weak component, and are becoming more important in power electronics with the increase demand for higher power quality and power efficiency. Works Cited: N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins, â€Å"Power Electronics†, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  © 2003 Timothy L. Skvarenina, â€Å"The Power Electronics Handbook† CRC Press LLC  © 2002 Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 483, â€Å"Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices† Materials Research Society  © 1998 â€Å"Dura-Bilt5i MV Engineering Reference Book†, GE Toshiba Automation Systems, U.S.A.  © 2003 Kilowatt Classroom: Electrical Training Seminars - Web Site Home Page http://www.kilowattclassroom.com/

A teacher affects eternity, he can never tell where his influence stops

More and more, teachers are becoming a primary influence in children’s lives. Therefore, it stands to reason that a teacher’s personality and teaching style can have a profound impact on children’s academic performance and general development. A teacher is like a sculptor: he moulds a personality out of a child like a sculptor creates a beautiful statue out of clay. So a teacher has the greatest impact on student‘s character, knowledge, values and this affect can go on for years even after they are not in contact with one another.Firstly, a teacher has the core affect on student‘s knowledge, which they can use in all life situations later on. Teaching requires utter dedication and selflessness to be able to impart your learning and knowledge to the students. It not only deals with academic knowledge alone. Being very knowledgeable will not immediately qualify as a good teacher. What is more important is the attitude and the skill of being able to tran sfer the lessons effectively to the students. A teacher is dealing with many students of different personalities.Some are like a sponge who grasps the main ideas very easily, but other students require more patience as they find it more difficult to understand the subject matter. As a teacher, it is his role to take care of all of these students, making sure no one is left behind. Thus, if a teacher has built a good foundation, students will use the knowledge in future. That's why it is said, that a teacher creats other professions. Secondly, a teacher plays a great role in forming student‘s character. It is very difficult, because character is formed not only in the classroom, but every student has it‘s individual resources.Despite the fact, the classroom climate influenced by a teacher has a major impact on pupils’ motivation, attitude towards learning and charater development. A teacher must respect the individuality of each child and must not attack the self d ignity of a particular student. A teacher should take an interest in every child. Because the better you get to know your students, the more influence you will have on their attitude towards your subject, and on their lives in general. However it should not be forgotten constantly to provide benchmarks for improvement for your students.Praise should be given when it is due, and find positive things to tell students before making suggestions on how to improve something. Draw gently alongside those who are in need of help and find creative ways to assist them to improve their grades. Thirdly, a teacher has a huge impact on student‘s values. They are not passed on from parents to children in the form of DNA. However, it does not necessarily follow that if they are learned, they must have been learned as a result of deliberate teaching. The consequences of our value systems are not understood in abstractions but in deeds.A teacher can't really â€Å"teach† values as he do o ther parts of the curriculum, but he can and should help students develop values through his own behaviors and modeling. The purpose of this is the belief that a clearly defined and meaningful set of values will help students, in the years to come, to do the right thing, especially when doing the right thing is hard. To sum up, teaching, like any other responsible profession is quite a challenge especially in the present fast moving world, however it can leave huge impact on the young minds. But a teacher plays the biggest role in forming children‘s knowledge, character and values.

Marketing Final Paper Essay

Yum! Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 38,000 restaurants in over 110 countries and territories and more than 1 million associates. Yum Brands is also a leader within the Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in China, with over 3,500 restaurants in the region (i.e., Taiwan, Mainland China, and Thailand), more than 1,800 of which are located in Mainland China. Yum Brands operates in the Food Service Industry, which will never be replaced or outdated due to increasing technology or increased competition. Consumers will always need to consume from the Food Service Industry. Growth and consumption is guaranteed with increase of the world population and expansion to additional countries world wide. In 2010, the company increased its net income by 10% from $824 million in 2009 to $1.16 billion in 2010. Yum Brands continues to show strong sales, profits, and growth. Yum Brands is the worldwide leader in multi branding, which offers consumers more choice and convenience at one restaurant location from a combination of KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, A&W or Long John Silver’s brands. Yum Brands also shows great Corporate Social Responsibility in the industry. Yum! Ranked #337 out of 500 on Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings U.S. list #62 on Corporate Social Responsibility Magazine’s 100 Best Corporate Citizens List of 2010, #33 in 2009. Yum Brands has cemented their products with unique taste differentiation by making their chains the leaders in the industry. A&W is Root Beer and KFC is fried chicken. Yum Brands has demonstrated a strong business plan and corporate goals for competing in the global market. Introduction Yum Brands holds a strong position as the number 2 company in the Food Service Industry. The food Service Industry is a necessary industry that will not see great change due to innovation or a new competitor entering the market. The market is strong and consistent based off consumer needs. The fast food industry is cheap and cost effective, providing excellent services to consumers at the lowest possible prices. Yum Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 38,000 restaurants in more than 110 countries and territories and over 1 million employees. This shows the size of Yum Brands, a global presence that will continue to increase Yum Brands has also displayed global business and marketing strategies. * Build leading brands across China in every significant category * Drive aggressive international expansion and build strong brands everywhere * Dramatically improve U.S. brand positions, consistency and returns * Drive industry-leading, long-term shareholder and franchisee value David C Novak has been CEO of Yum Brands (YUM) for 6 years. Mr. Novak has been with the company for20 years. The 53 year old executive ranks 1 within Forbes rankings of highest paid restaurant CEO’s. While most consumers are unaware of the parent corporation, Yum Brands is silently taking a more controlling share of the global food industry. Its well-known brands include Pizza Hut, KFC, Taco-Bell, Long John Silver’s and A&W Restaurants. Yum Brands continue to show growth that will put it on par with the leader in the Food Service Industry, McDonalds? Despite having more locations than McDonalds, McDonalds annual revenue of $23.1 Billion dwarf Yum Brands at $11.3 Billion Overview of Yum Brands Yum! was created on October 7, 1997, as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. an independent company, as a result of a spin-outfrom PepsiCo, which owned and franchised the KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell brands worldwide. Because of the company’s previous relationship with Pepsi, Yum! Brands has a lifetime contract with PepsiCo, with notable exceptions being the contract of A&W Restaurants with Dr Pepper Snapple Group to be the exclusive restaurant provider of A&W Root Beer. Yum Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 37,000 restaurants in more than 110 countries and territories. There is probably a Yum restaurant near you. Its well-known brands include Pizza Hut, KFC, Taco-Bell, Long John Silver’s and A&W Restaurants. There are 14,001 stores internationally including 3,664 locations in China. Yum has 17,476 stores in the U.S. A total of 77% are owned by franchisees. The company implements practices and procedures to maintain a high level of service including Customer Mania Training and CHAMPS (which measures operational basics like Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product Quality and Speed). A&W Restaurants, Inc., based in Louisville, Ky., is the longest running quick service franchise chain in America. Since 1919, A&W All-American Food has been serving a signature frosty mug root beer float and All-American pure-beef hamburgers and hot dogs. There are over 600 A&W All American Food outlets in 13 countries and territories around the world and nearly 600 points of distribution at Yum! Brands multibrand restaurants. There are approximately 344 A&W All-American Food restaurants in the U.S. and more than 290 in 11 other countries. KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Ky., is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain specializing in Original Recipe, Extra Crispy and Colonel’s Crispy Strips with home-style sides, Honey BBQ Wings, and freshly made chicken sandwiches. Since its founding by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, KFC has been serving customers delicious, already-prepared complete family meals at affordable prices. There are over 12,000 KFC outlets in more than 102 countries and territories around the world serving some eight million customers each day. Long John Silver’s, Inc. based in Louisville, Ky., is the world’s largest quick-service seafood chain, specializing in batter-dipped fish, chicken, shrimp and hushpuppies. Inspired by Robert Louis Stevenson’s classic Treasure Island, Long John Silver’s was founded in 1969. Today, there are more than 1,000 Long John Silver’s, Inc. restaurants worldwide, and over 350 additional points of distribution in multibrand restaurants. Pizza Hut Inc., based in Dallas, Texas, is the world’s largest pizza restaurant company specializing in Pan Pizza, Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, Hand-Tossed Style Pizza and Stuffed Crust Pizza. There are more than 6,100 restaurants in the United States and more than 4,900 restaurants in over 92 countries and territories around the world. The company is the recognized leader in the pizza category. Taco Bell Corp. is the nation’s leading Mexican-style quick service restaurant chain serving tacos, burritos, signature Quesadillas, nachos and other specialty items. Taco Bell serves more than 35 million consumers each week in more than 5,100 restaurants in the U.S. Marketing Strategy Product Yum Brand is in the food service industry but they also look to market their restaurant chains, as individuals own 80% of Yum Brands restaurant chains. Yum Brands is the largest restaurant supplier of chicken, tacos, fish, and pizza to the consumer market and they sell very recognizable products. In their marketing of products, Yum Brands focuses less on individual products and more on the brand as a whole. After conducting comprehensible market research, Yum Brands found that the majority of people purchasing from one of their restaurants are not looking for a specific product. Yum Brands found that the majority of consumers choose Yum Brands because of their convenient locations, low prices, and the quality of food is high. KFC sells the most recognizable brand of chicken in the world, although they have many competitors, none of their competitors have as many locations or as much brand recognition as KFC. However, there have been some large selling Items, which Yum Brands has chosen to market individually, such as the KFC 12 piece bucket and Taco Bell’s Crunch Wrap Supreme. With large ticket items, Yum Brands has designed custom meal deals focused around these items. Instead of simply offering chips and a drink or a biscuit, Yum Brands has focused on supersized meals and the marketing strategy of getting the most for your money. They do this by supersizing the meals consumers purchase at a price increase that is both favorable to the consumer and beneficial to costs. Price The goal of Yum Brands is to compete at the lowest price possible and they do this by owning distribution centers around the world and controlling the process that food comes into one of their restaurants, from the farm to the customer. Because Yum Brands is the largest supplier of chicken, tacos, fish, and pizza to the market they have a competitive advantage over their competitors simply because they can move more product, thus they can provide lower prices. This industry’s customers are characterized as highly price sensitive so they can easily switch to a product that is like in quality and service but offered at a lower price. Also, switching costs are quite low. Customers do not have to incur any cost for not buying from a firm. Place Yum Brands has more physical locations than any other restaurant in the world. Yum Brands operates over 38,000 restaurants in 110 countries. Yum Brands has focused on convenience for all consumers in the structure of their restaurant chains. With large physical location presence in the market, Yum Brands can ensure stability as well as growth. Recent expansion into China has also proved to be a booming market for more physical locations and sales growth. Yum Brands continues to surge in revenue and market share with each additional restaurant opened in expanding markets such as China. Promotion Unlike competitors such as McDonalds who attempt to brand their products like the Big Mac, Yum Brands focuses on controlling the entire market. KFC chicken is an American cornerstone of culture. KFC dominates the chicken market because of the great reputation and wide brand recognition of Colonel Sanders. There are fierce advertising battles among the large restaurant chains McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Subway, Taco Bell. Because brand recognition and price so greatly affect consumers, marketers want to make customers aware of deals occurring at their chains. The Food Industry is one of the most heavily marketing industries in the world. In 2010, the fast food industry spent $4.2 Billion in advertising. Analysis Yum Brands has shown significant, consistent, large financial growth in the last year. (YUM) has a market cap of $23.99 billion with a price-to-earnings ratio of 20.75. The stock has traded in a 52-week range between $45.94 and $57.75. The stock is currently trading around $52. On July 14th, the company reported second quarter revenues of $2.82 billion, compared to revenues of $2.57 billion in the second quarter of 2010. Second quarter net income was $$1.16 billion compared to net income of $824 million in the second quarter of 2010. Yum Brands has shown significant financial growth over the past year, and projects continued growth and expansion through 2012. One of YUM’s competitors is McDonald’s Corporation (MCD). McDonald’s is currently trading around $90 with a market cap of $90.14 billion and a price-to-earnings ratio of 17.68. McDonalds pays a dividend that yields 2.8% versus YUM, whose dividend yields 2.2%. YUM is one of the largest food service company’s in the world. In 2010, the company increased its net income by 10% from $824 million in 2009 to $1.16 billion in 2010. YUM is an international company that is rapidly increasing its overseas earnings. In 2010, YUM took in $755 million from China while taking in $700 million in the United States. On September 15th Jim Cramer endorsed YUM. YUM has a policy of paying out 35 to 40% of its profits in dividends. Over the last five years, the company has done well and has increased its dividend by 34.7%. I believe that YUM will continue to increase earnings, and that the dividend and the stock price will follow. This ratio shows us the percentage of total assets made up by goodwill and other intangibles is called the Intangible Asset Ratio. Heiserman, creater of the ratio, says he views anything over 20% as worrisome, â€Å"because management might be overpaying for the acquisition or acquisitions that gave rise to the goodwill.† Yum! Brands has an intangible assets ratio of 11%. This is below Heiserman’s threshold, and a sign that any growth you see with the company is healthy (Moore). The strengths of Yum Brands is in their global reach and consistent financial growth. Also Yum Brands operates several large chains in a strategic move to diversify their assets and sales. However, their largest competitor McDonalds, has also shown significant financial growth and expansion. In 2010 McDonalds saw a global sales growth of 5.0% and earnings per share growth of 11%. Although, McDonalds is also showing large profits and increased growth, Yum Brands is increasing at a faster rate. Yum Brands saw a 10% growth in sales in just the third quarter of 2010. Yum Brands is a low cost leader in the food industry with unique taste differentiation. The wide availability and unbeatable values of Yum Brand chains make it convenient and affordable for customers to buy from Yum Brands. Yum Brands has cemented their products with unique taste differentiation by making their chains the leaders in the industry. A&W is Root Beer and KFC is fried chicken. Yum Brands has shown an excellent demonstration of Focus Strategies by not trying to compete with McDonalds. Yum Brands does not offer hamburgers, instead they have focused on cornering the market in Tacos, Fried Chicken, Pizza, Fish, and fountain beverages. This strategy is key to their continued growth. By letting McDonalds control burgers and fries, Yum Brands can slowly take control of all other consumer needs in the fast food industry. This strategy will lead to Yum Brands surpassing McDonalds because Yum Brands is showing much greater growth. However, McDonalds revenues are still much greater than Yum Brands. In 2010 McDonalds brought in $23.1Billion to Yum Brands $11.3 Billion. Yum Brands has great Corporate Social Responsibility and leads many initiatives around the globe. In Australia, KFC has been working on a Closed Loop recycling project for the past three years. This program has attracted never before seen government funding and is a world leading QSR recycling initiative. No other QSR in Australia (nor have we found elsewhere in world) is doing anything on this scale and impact. KFC has been awarded $400K from the Australian Packaging Covenant and state governments to go towards the infrastructure of the new â€Å"Split Bin† to support this initiative. In addition, 100 percent of waste oil is recycled. Yum! Ranked #337 out of 500 on Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings U.S. list #62 on Corporate Social Responsibility Magazine’s 100 Best Corporate Citizens List of 2010, #33 in 2009 The company is expected to enjoy a number of tailwinds in 2012 including lower interest expense due to favorable debt issuance over the past couple of years and retirement of the April 2011 bonds as well as around 20 million currency translation benefits in China. Although Yum’s market is exposed to risks, such as changes in interest rates such as food cost pressure, wage inflation in China, competition, unexpected margin pressure, inability to execute its growth plan, and food safety. Foreign currency exchange rate risks exist as international operating profit constitutes around 50% of the company’s operating profit. Key variable factors affecting the U.S. results include consumer spending, gasoline prices, housing market conditions, consumer credit, and stock market volatility. Taco Bell, which accounts for more than 60% of the total U.S. earnings, is presently the most important domestic brand. The recent Taco Bell lawsuit related to the content and quality of its beef products has negatively impacted the sales. Although, on April 18, Alabama-based Beasley Allen law firm voluntarily withdrew the allegation, YUM expects the negative impact to continue in 2012. KFC and Pizza Hut are the primary concepts, accounting for nearly 96% of total YUM restaurants within the YUM Restaurants International (YRI) division. Each concept offers sit-in as well as take-home options for customers. YUM has over 38,000 restaurants in over 110 countries. YUM is also a leader within the Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in China, with over 3,500 restaurants in the region (i.e., Taiwan, Mainland China, and Thailand), more than 1,800 of which are located in Mainland China. Yum Brands is the worldwide leader in multi branding, which offers consumers more choice and convenience at one restaurant location from a combination of KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, A&W or Long John Silver’s brands. Yum Brands has seen substantial annual growth for the past 2 fiscal years. Yum has seen tremendous growth in china with over 50% of Yum’s income coming from outside of the United States. Yum is putting all its chips in China, and growth there was strong. Same store sales grew 19% in the quarter, compared with a 6% increase a year ago. Margins, though, eased and fell to 21.3%, from 25.2% a year ago. Operating profits surged 13% to $301 million. Store sales in the U.S. fell 3%, compared with a 1% gain a year ago, while operating profits hit $143 million, down 16% from a year ago. Internationally, the company earned $163 million (up 15%) and saw system sales growth increase by 13% (Fontevecchia). In May of 2011, Yum agreed to purchase Chinese hotpot chain Little Sheep for HK$4.56 billion. The deal spent more than 4 months in anti-trust review by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, to determine whether or not the transaction would result in a monopolistic positioning of Yum in the country’s restaurant industry. The Chinese Ministry just approved the deal in November of 2011, according to Little Sheep representatives. This new acquisition should continue to increase growth in China. Yum recently raised its 2012 earnings per share forecast to $2.85, excluding one-time items, meaning growth of at least 13 percent, despite what Chief Executive David Novak said were â€Å"disappointing U.S. results. That compares to its previous forecast of a 12 percent gain. The forecast comes ahead of Yum’s annual investor day on November 30th and two months after the company sought to reassure Wall Street that business in China remained on track. With this reassurance, Yum will continue to expand, giving investors a strong reason to invest. The share price went up in response to this news (Reuters). In direct growth, Yum Brands far exceeds any other competition in the industry including their largest competitor, McDonalds. If Yum Brands continues this net growth, they are on par to surpass McDonalds, becoming the global leader in the Food Service Industry. The corporate structure of Yum Brands is strong, the company is continuing to increase employment opportunities and expand their staff. David C Novak has been CEO of Yum Brands (YUM) for 6 years. Mr. Novak has been with the company for 20 years. The board of trustees overseas consistent growth of the company and the core values of Yum Brands have served them well thus far in the Industry.

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay Christian on Christian violence was evidence of the hypocrisy in the Christian society. The concern of Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice was the Christian and state intolerance on religion. That is the Catholics Protestant Problem which he brings out gradually in the plot but in a hidden way to avoid government censorship and persecution because the State and the Church we cordially the same. He highlights the conversion of Shylock to Christianity but Coonradt give a different view on this issue. It was rare to find conversion to Christianity from Jews. "Coerced conversions were virtually unheard of in the various narratives circulating about Jews in sixteenth-century England" (Shapiro, 1996). Coonradt quotes from Shapiros works. Therefore it could not be addressing the Anti-Semitism sentiments but the problems of the Catholics and the Protestants. These are view that it was the conversion into Protestantism from Catholicism and from protestant to Catholicism. Shylocks conversion was supposed to show the Christian mercies but indeed it was representative of the English law forcing Catholics to the Protestant front and as the Catholics would reverse the practice leading to the evidence of the Christian Catholic tussle (Coonradt, 2007). Shakespeare never knew any Jews and The Merchant of Venice was written in a time when the Jews had been banished from England for over 300 years (Laster, 2010). The many examples we have seen from the essay suggest that look beyond the surface when approaching Shakespeares work, quite literally, the play's very appearance deceives us unless we venture to read "otherwise." Quoting Hamiltons idea to give closer scrutiny to the play, where her looks at the play from the usual terms as it contemplates with the Jewish Question but she gives in to the idea of Shylocks conversion to be real. If we critically study The Merchant of Venice we may see that Shakespeare tries to test our perception in a different way when we read otherwise. At the tie of writing the play it is clear Shakespeare never had the Jewish sentiments in Mind but just the cocooning of the idea in the play was important for his survivl (Laster, 2010).. So justification of the point of conversion to be for real should be in the context of Protestant to catholic and catholic to protestant since there were very few Jews in England at that time and they lived there secretly (Laster, 2010). Using this quote; "Where men enforcd do speak anything" (3.2.32). We analyze the idea of the way the issue of conversion is used as a ploy and again the reader or viewer may be deceived by the appearances on the surface where the surface being the image of Judaism in the play. It may be a possibility that Shakespeare uses deception in the entire play, presenting it as a Jewish play, an anti-Semitic play when it really is not here we are left to wonder if the conversion of Shylock is true or just by the surface we see and the words he spoke to allege acceptance. The viewer is left to wonder if he would practice his own Jewish secretly. This is because the choice of Christianity is done for him by the Elizabethans (Coonradt, 2007). "Uncanny causality" is portrayed by the anti-Semitism sentiments in the play which are just a shadow of the real concerns of the play. Using this no person could tell whether Shakespeare was a devoted Catholic, a Protestant convert, or a Jew but he effectively portrays the extent of the bloody battles waged between Protestants and Catholics in the name of Christ, in the name of justice, and in the name of love and how destructive they were. Shakespeares subversive use of anti-Semitism as a veil of conveying an ironic message about the moral decadence of religion and the hatred and the hypocrisy of Christian love and "mercy" as he saw it being practiced in England(Coonradt, 2007). In England there were very stringent rules that suppressed freedom of speech and there was danger of treason by any Citizen and not forgetting the Authors of different works. This called for veiling any political utterances both on stage in England and outside England at that time (Kottmann, 2007). This was a way of escaping government censorship. Viewers and readers should not let the play's obvious anti-Jewish sentiment cloud our reading of the drama because we can see this as a cover and part of the hidden message that can not be addressed openly in the volatile political atmosphere of Early Modern England. William Shakespeare uses these anti-Jewish sentiments that Shakespeare knew fully well that they would pass the scrutiny of the "government censor no one had a problem with maligning Jews, what was described by Shylock as "the badge of all Jewish tribe" 1.3.109 by Shakespeare. This enables him to comment indirectly about the Catholic- Protestant crisis without being censored an d he was not taken to be against the Government of the day and its religious acts (Asquith, 2005). The author also notes that many poets and playwrights had to bow out of writing after immense presser from the Government and many of them of them might have undergone some form of government pressure such as interrogation by the Privy Council to imprisonment, exile, even death and this explains why they receded in the years 1549-1667 and 1552-1663 which are regarded to have experienced high levels of unrest as a result of religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants and in this periods "treason" proved damning thus no one could risk. This is also evidence that the book The Merchant of Venice highlighted issues to do with the rift between the Catholics and Protestants(Coonradt, 2007). In my clear understanding of the play and clear analysis by Coonradt, I strongly believe that the plays sentiments were greatly based on the issues of the moment in England. The problems in England as a result of the problems between the Catholics and Protestants were much more evident than the Jewish question. Thus I would say Shakespeare used the deception on the issue Anti-Semitic issues to be able to convey to the audience the more sensitive issues of the time; the Catholic- Protestant Problem. This criticism has been more persuasive (Sparknotes, 2010). The works of William Shakespeare are mostly engulfed with ambiguous points of analysis and it is always for the interest of the author depending on the time of the publication of the work and also it serves the purpose of literature since it gives a chance for a book to address different issues in the society Buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

Exams Are Over Time to Recover

Exams Are Over Time to Recover Now that finals  are over, you’re probably distressing in whatever way you can. Unfortunately, a long night of drinking and debauchery may not be what your body and mind need to let go of the chemicals that your stressful exams have left in your brain. Instead of getting drunk and getting into trouble, it might be wise to understand exactly how stress affects you and learn some healthy (and fun) ways of relaxing from your exams. Stress Effect According to Nicky Hays, editor of Foundations of Psychology, exam stress effects can be intense, leading to worry, poor sleep habits, and decreased memory function. In fact, the more stressful the exam is, the more your body will produce adrenaline-related hormones to help you â€Å"fight† your fear. Extended periods of stress can have an effect on your body, too. The adrenaline hormones released during these times can cause your immune system to weaken, making you more susceptible to illness. It has even been shown to change the color of your hair. Post-Exam Stress: The Unsung Killer Unfortunately, just because your exams are over doesn’t mean that the stress is. In fact, recent research from the Journal of Behavioral Medicine shows that your cells may be less able to repair DNA after your exams are completed. In addition, there is a correlation between fear about the future and depression after a stressful exam week is completed. Wrong Way to Distress What’s the point of all this? The truth is, after you have completed stressful exams, your body is in a precarious position. Your immune system is lowered, your cells can’t respond as quickly or as well as you expected, and you are at a higher risk of becoming sick. This is the worst time to weaken your system even further with alcohol, drugs, or other risky behaviors. In fact, finals are a particularly bad time for both alcohol and drug-related â€Å"celebrations† and are statistically more likely times for college students to be victims of alcohol poisoning, violence, and rape. Not only that but recovering from exams with these kinds of behaviors can lead to suspension or expulsion from your school. Make Stress Go Away Here are some great alternatives to relieving finals’ stress that won’t hurt your pocketbook or your liver. Go on a short road trip with a few friends. You can get away from the campus, focus on doing something you love, and let your brain unwind.   You might be interested to check the list of  the cheapest summer destinations for students. Start an exercise program. This relieves the excess adrenaline that is trapped in your muscles and releases positive endorphins that won’t leave you hung over. Join a city sports club. Being involved in a sports team has all the benefits of exercising, but you also get to meet people who are interested in things you like to do, too. Go to a funny movie. Research from the University of Maryland has shown that laughter decreases stress levels and lowers blood pressure – especially if you’re watching it on the big screen. Listen to classical music. Soothing music has found to relieve stress on both the body and mind. Several studies have shown how it can lower blood pressure, improve mood, and even facilitate creativity! Make something crafty. Recent research from the Journal of Academic Medicine touts the de-stressing benefits of repetitive creation in activities such as knitting. These actions can release muscle tension, lower heart rate, and let the mind focus on something that is entirely stress-free. Perhaps, youll find these weird hobbies more exciting than regular knitting. Eat a banana. Researchers have found that eating these Vitamin B-infused fruits can alleviate the stresses on your nervous system. In addition, the natural sugars in bananas give your brain a small dose of endorphins, which staves off depression. See an old friend. A study published in Developmental Psychology stated that people who go through stressful situations with a good friend aren’t as damaged by it. That means, seeing a friend after exams might help alleviate your stress and make you feel better about yourself. Summary No matter how bad your final exams felt, remember that they are not the end of the world. Take care of your mind and body by relaxing in ways that will keep you healthy and safe. Not only will your body and mind feel better, but you won’t have any regrets to feel stressed about the morning after your last day of exams. How do you recover from stress and recuperate after exams? Share your tips in the comments below!

Individual research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual research paper - Essay Example The business model followed by the company makes it a limited liability company. Other than real estate the company has trading interests and tends to export a few goods aboard such as generators, plastic products, utensils etc. but the mainstay for the company has been real estate. Like myriad other businesses in China, the Jia Nian Hua Company is a family managed venture. The current chief executive of the company, Jia Nian Hua has employed his family members in critical positions such as finance, sales and marketing in order to take advantage of their loyalty. A paternal work environment is apparent when one walks into the office as the employees look towards Mr. Jia as a fatherly figure. Mr. Jia was kind enough to allow some time for an interview concerning his business. When asked about the beginnings of the business, Mr. Jia related that he had begun dealing in real estate in the early nineties when he was employed as a government official in Beijing. In his own words, â€Å"having been associated with real estate early on I realized that China possessed immense potential for growth in coming decades. Therefore, I decided to open up a small real estate shop in Beijing to take my informal business idea to a complete business†. Being part of the government allowed Mr. Jia the critical information he required to expand into the real estate scenario because he was already well aware of where development would occur. He cited the case of new suburbs created around Beijing. Planning for development had begun in the late nineties but â€Å"acquisition of land had been slow due to fears of inflation in real estate if procurement was faster†. This indicates t hat Mr. Jia’s entry into the market as an entrepreneur was based on analytical evaluation that stemmed from information available only to select people in the Chinese government. Mr. Jia’s response also confirms the important assumption about entrepreneurs which states that entrepreneurs